UPDATE: 其实目前没有用到多少Python知识来写，基本都是直接调用的已有的命令来完成备份和邮件通知功能 @@
为了写个简单的备份程序，我决定使用Python来实现，几年前有看过点Python，今天就来试试看。通常我们连接数据库会用到对应的连接API，比如Java的JDBC(Java_Database_Connectivity)，顶多中间增加个连接池之类的，因为我们这里很简单，所以只需要一个类似的API，我们这里用MySQL-python来完成。先安装这个东西，我采用1.2.3版本，当然我这里宿主机器是CentOS。
[guohai@Knight-on-the-Cloud installation]$ wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python/files/mysql-python/1.2.3/MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz/download [guohai@Knight-on-the-Cloud installation]$ tar xvf MySQL-python-1.2.3.tar.gz [guohai@Knight-on-the-Cloud installation]$ cd MySQL-python-1.2.3
vim site.cfg
# The path to mysql_config. # Only use this if mysql_config is not on your PATH, or you have some weird # setup that requires it. mysql_config = /usr/bin/mysql_config
正如这上面所说，之前我安装MySQL有改动默认位置，所以这里要单独指定下。
[guohai@Knight-on-the-Cloud MySQL-python-1.2.3]$ python setup.py build
if errors(“no setuptools”) showing
cd .. wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/2.6/s/setuptools/setuptools-0.6c10-py2.6.egg --no-check-certificate sh setuptools-0.6c10-py2.6.egg
然后
cd MySQL-python-1.2.3 [guohai@Knight-on-the-Cloud MySQL-python-1.2.3]$ python setup.py build
if errors(“Python.h: No such file or directory”) showing
[root@Knight-on-the-Cloud installation]# yum -y install python-devel
继续
[guohai@Knight-on-the-Cloud MySQL-python-1.2.3]$ python setup.py build running build running build_py copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb running build_ext building '_mysql' extension gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,2,3,'final',0) -D__version__=1.2.3 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/_mysql.o -g -pipe -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fPIC -DUNIV_LINUX -DUNIV_LINUX _mysql.c:36:23: error: my_config.h: No such file or directory _mysql.c:38:19: error: mysql.h: No such file or directory _mysql.c:39:26: error: mysqld_error.h: No such file or directory _mysql.c:40:20: error: errmsg.h: No such file or directory
[root@Knight-on-the-Cloud include]# yum -y install mysql-devel [root@Knight-on-the-Cloud mysql]# pwd /usr/include/mysql
[guohai@Knight-on-the-Cloud MySQL-python-1.2.3]$ python setup.py build
running build
running build_py
copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb
running build_ext
building '_mysql' extension
gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -DNDEBUG -O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -mtune=generic -D_GNU_SOURCE -fPIC -fwrapv -fPIC -Dversion_info=(1,2,3,'final',0) -D__version__=1.2.3 -I/usr/include/mysql -I/usr/include/python2.6 -c _mysql.c -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/_mysql.o -g -pipe -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -m64 -D_GNU_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64 -D_LARGEFILE_SOURCE -fno-strict-aliasing -fwrapv -fPIC -DUNIV_LINUX -DUNIV_LINUX
In file included from /usr/include/mysql/my_config.h:14,
from _mysql.c:36:
/usr/include/mysql/my_config_x86_64.h:1082:1: warning: "HAVE_WCSCOLL" redefined
In file included from /usr/include/python2.6/pyconfig.h:6,
from /usr/include/python2.6/Python.h:8,
from pymemcompat.h:10,
from _mysql.c:29:
/usr/include/python2.6/pyconfig-64.h:808:1: warning: this is the location of the previous definition
gcc -pthread -shared build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.6/_mysql.o -L/usr/lib64/mysql -L/usr/lib64 -lmysqlclient_r -lz -lpthread -lcrypt -lnsl -lm -lpthread -lssl -lcrypto -lpython2.6 -o build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/_mysql.so
编译好了就安装
[root@Knight-on-the-Cloud MySQL-python-1.2.3]# python setup.py install running install running bdist_egg running egg_info writing MySQL_python.egg-info/PKG-INFO writing top-level names to MySQL_python.egg-info/top_level.txt writing dependency_links to MySQL_python.egg-info/dependency_links.txt reading manifest file 'MySQL_python.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' reading manifest template 'MANIFEST.in' warning: no files found matching 'MANIFEST' warning: no files found matching 'ChangeLog' warning: no files found matching 'GPL' writing manifest file 'MySQL_python.egg-info/SOURCES.txt' installing library code to build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg running install_lib running build_py copying MySQLdb/release.py -> build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb running build_ext creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64 creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/_mysql.so -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/_mysql_exceptions.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb/cursors.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb/connections.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb/times.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb/release.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/constants copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/constants copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/constants copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/constants copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/constants copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/constants copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb/constants/CR.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/constants copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb/constants/ER.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/constants copying build/lib.linux-x86_64-2.6/MySQLdb/converters.py -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/_mysql_exceptions.py to _mysql_exceptions.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/__init__.py to __init__.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/cursors.py to cursors.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/connections.py to connections.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/times.py to times.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/release.py to release.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/constants/REFRESH.py to REFRESH.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/constants/CLIENT.py to CLIENT.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/constants/FIELD_TYPE.py to FIELD_TYPE.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/constants/FLAG.py to FLAG.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/constants/__init__.py to __init__.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/constants/CR.py to CR.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/constants/ER.py to ER.pyc byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/MySQLdb/converters.py to converters.pyc creating stub loader for _mysql.so byte-compiling build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/_mysql.py to _mysql.pyc creating build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying MySQL_python.egg-info/PKG-INFO -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying MySQL_python.egg-info/SOURCES.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying MySQL_python.egg-info/dependency_links.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO copying MySQL_python.egg-info/top_level.txt -> build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO writing build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg/EGG-INFO/native_libs.txt zip_safe flag not set; analyzing archive contents... creating dist creating 'dist/MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg' and adding 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' to it removing 'build/bdist.linux-x86_64/egg' (and everything under it) Processing MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg Copying MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg to /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages Adding MySQL-python 1.2.3 to easy-install.pth file Installed /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg Processing dependencies for MySQL-python==1.2.3 Finished processing dependencies for MySQL-python==1.2.3
接着再来试下
[guohai@Knight-on-the-Cloud MySQL-python-1.2.3]$ python Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jul 10 2013, 22:48:45) [GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3)] on linux2 Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information. >>> import MySQLdb /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg/_mysql.py:3: UserWarning: Module _mysql was already imported from /usr/lib64/python2.6/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.3-py2.6-linux-x86_64.egg/_mysql.pyc, but /home/guohai/apps/installation/MySQL-python-1.2.3 is being added to sys.path
上面这些UserWarning是说MySQL模块已经引入了，但是你在的目录又被加入到sys.path，也就是重复引入。这个时候你只要跳出我们刚刚编译模块的目录就好了。
一切都正常之后我们来写个简单的程序试试看。
[guohai@Knight-on-the-Cloud npc]$ python
Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Jul 10 2013, 22:48:45)
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-3)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import MySQLdb
>>> help(MySQLdb) // 不懂的话就可以这样查询
>>> conn = MySQLdb.connect('localhost', 'wp_user', 'wp_passwd', 'wp_db')
>>> cur = conn.cursor()
>>> cur.execute('select user_login, user_registered from wp_users')
1L
>>> rst = cur.fetchall()
>>> print rst
(('admin', datetime.datetime(2011, 3, 19, 0, 8, 9)),)
>>> cur.close()
>>> conn.close()
与我们通过
[guohai@Knight-on-the-Cloud npc]# mysql -h localhost -u wp_user -p
查询出来的一样
mysql> select * from wp_users \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
ID: 1
user_login: admin
user_pass: #CLASSIFIED#
user_nicename: #CLASSIFIED#
user_email: #CLASSIFIED#
user_url: #CLASSIFIED#
user_registered: 2011-03-19 00:08:09
user_activation_key: #CLASSIFIED#
user_status: #CLASSIFIED#
display_name: #CLASSIFIED#
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
也就是说我们简单的连接数据库成功了，到此基础环境算是搭建好了。
另外简单写了个备份程序(https://github.com/guohai/my-conf/blob/master/wp_backup_npc.py)，待完善。。。
然后编写一个crontab就可以让它定时执行(不会crontab的请参见http://linux.vbird.org/linux_basic/redhat6.1/linux_11cron.php)
9 16 * * 0 cd /home/guohai/apps/npc/ && python wp_backup_npc.py &> /dev/null
就是在每周日的16点9分会运行一次后面的命令(跳转到npc文件夹，执行这个python命令，如果有一些信息输出的话就把信息重定向到/dev/null，如果有信息输出而不重定向这些信息的话，crontab就会认为这个命令是执行失败的，所以就会给你的邮箱发封提醒邮件，时间久了你的/var/spool/mail/账户下就会有很多邮件，所以这里我把一切输出信息都重定向到/dev/null了)。
当然你也可以阅读简单的介绍了解crontab脚本如何编写，如下：
# Edit this file to introduce tasks to be run by cron.
#
# Each task to run has to be defined through a single line
# indicating with different fields when the task will be run
# and what command to run for the task
#
# To define the time you can provide concrete values for
# minute (m), hour (h), day of month (dom), month (mon),
# and day of week (dow) or use ‘*’ in these fields (for ‘any’).#
# Notice that tasks will be started based on the cron’s system
# daemon’s notion of time and timezones.
#
# Output of the crontab jobs (including errors) is sent through
# email to the user the crontab file belongs to (unless redirected).
#
# For example, you can run a backup of all your user accounts
# at 5 a.m every week with:
# 0 5 * * 1 tar -zcf /var/backups/home.tgz /home/
#
# For more information see the manual pages of crontab(5) and cron(8)
#
# m h dom mon dow command